Manufacture of tiles, quarries, &amp;c.



No. 685,536. Patented Oct. 29, |90l.

I R. STANLEY.

MANUFACTURE OF TILES, HUARRIES, 8w. (Application filed Apr. 22, 1901.)

(No Model.) 5 Sheets-Sheet I.

Zia-M No. 685,536. Patented Oct. 29, won. a. STANLEY. MANUFACTURE OFTILES, HUARRIES, 81.0;

(Application filed Apr. 22, 1901.

5 Sheets-Sheet 2.

(No Model.)

,JMPNORRIS PETERs ca. mow-mun. WASHINGTON. 0.1:

No. 685,536. Patented Oct. 29, mm. B. STANLEY. MANUFACTURE OF TILES OUARR-IES, 8w.

(Application filed Apr. 22, 1901.)

5 Sheets-Sheet 3 (No Model.)

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No. 685,536. Patented Oct. 29, lam;

R. STANLEY.

MANUFACTURE OF TILES, UUARRIES, 8w.

(Application filed Apr. 22, 1901.)

5 Sheets-sheaf 4.

(No Model.)

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m frzcmai Patented Oct. 29, 490i. STANLEY. MANUFACTURE OF TILES,HUARRIES. 8L0.

(Application filed Apr. 22, 1901'.

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m: uonms areas cu, rumour WASH ncnov. by c ing and paving tiles orquarries, to bepressed method also frequently permitting slight insmoothand hard face even under enormous UNTTE TATES REGINALD STANLEY, OFNUNEATON, ENGLAND.

MANUFACTURE OF TILES, QUARRIES, 80c.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent N 0. 685,536, dated October29, 1901. Application filed April 22, 1901. $erial No. 56,987- (Nomodel.)

To all whom it may concern:

' Be it known that I, REGINALD STANLEY, a subject of the King of GreatBritain, residing at Manor Court, Nuneaton, in the county of \Varwick,England, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in theMannfacture of Tiles, Quarries, and Such Like Articles; and I do herebydeclare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of theinvention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which itappertains to make and use the same.

This invention relates to the'manufacture of tiles, quarries, and suchlike articles, and particularlyto the machinery employed for pressingthe same; and the objects of the said improvements are, first, to enablea number of tiles, quarries, or the like, especially roofat oneoperation of the machine, and, second,

to obtain by the pressing and withdrawing of the tiles, quarries, or thelike a perfectly smooth and hard face or faces, little or no more powerbeing required than has been hitherto necessary for pressing a singletile or the like at each operation of the pressingmachine. According tothe system heretofore employed such articles have been pressed by meansof dies acting at right angles to the face and back, the pressure beingdispersed over the area of the face, and the result has never givenentire satisfaction, there always being a difficulty in producing aperfectly pressure, probably due to the absence of any sliding orpolishing motion of the pressureplunger against the face of" thematerial under pressure, a direct pressing impact without any suchmotion tending to prevent the material that lies under and comes incontact with the plunger from spreading eyenly, this equalities toremain, to the deterioration of the face of the article pressed. It isfound from experience that in the caseof such goods made from clay-duston the application of extreme pressure flatwise the article has atendency to crack or shell, .which is not so much the case when thepressure is ap-. plied in the manner hereinafter described and by whichsystem of pressing the diffilike simultaneously.

culties before alluded to are overcome and perfectly sound hard tiles orquarries orthe like produced under a pressure applied enda wise whichmay reach any practicable limit.

ing transmitted through the material to'tthe' larger areas of the faceand back, resulting in a greatly-increased pressure thereon andtherefore making hard and sharp arrises, and this invention affordsparticular facility for forming a number of tiles, quarries,- orthe Anumber of die-plates or small plungers arefitted to one common plunger01' plunger-head and employed in conjunction with a corresponding seriesof die-boxes and opposite die-plates or small plungers attached to asimilar and opposite common plunger or plunger-head for the purpose ofcompressing upwardly and pushing the completed article out from thedie-box. The pressure exerted on the article pressed is so multipliedover the larger area of the face and back that in the case of thinarticles the friction against the walls of the mold or die-box can onlybe overcome by pressure of the lifting die-plates or plungers, which isoften much greater than that upon the downward-pressing plunger-s, andso the lower portion of the substance under pressure hasa tendency tobecome pressed to a harder degree than the upper portion. To avoid this,the die-boxes or molds may be made-t0 taper very slightly, wideningtoward the top, which enables the articles to be lifted up in thedieboxes with the application of less bottomor upward pressure thanwould otherwise be re: quired,the taper, howevennot being sufficient tomateriallyaffeet the shape of the article pressed; In order to obtain abrighter polish on the faces of the articles pressed, both the upwardand downward pressing and lifting plungers may be adapted to receive adouble action, so that the article after a first pressure is lifted orpushed upwardly in the diebox and again forced down and then lift-ed upa second time, the friction on the face of the articles produced bythese means, in conjunction with oiled die, giving a very bright smoothfinish. V

A feature of this invention consists in oil being introduced during thelifting action between the pressed material and the walls of the dies,as shown by the drawings hereinafter described.

Pressure may be applied by cams mounted on a shaft connected by suitablegearing, other cams on the same shaft giving the necessary motion to thefeed-box and other moving parts, thus rendering the machine automatic;or instead of cams a screwed shaft may be employed, revolved in eitherdirection by means of steam or other power acting throughfrictiotngearing or otherwise.

A hand-machine may be employed, conconstructed in accordance with thisinvention, as hereinafter indicated.

The invention will now be more fully described with reference to theaccompanying d rawi n gs.

Figure 1, Sheet 1, is a front: elevation of the press, the die-box shownin section. Fig. 2, Sheet 2, is a sectional side elevation. Fig. 3,

Sheet 3, is a side elevation of frame, Showing gearing. Fig. 4, Sheet 1,is a plan showing arrangement for releasing-plungers, and Fig. 5, Sheet2, a plan of balance-weight lever. Fig. 6, Sheet 4, is a sectionalelevation of a hand-press constructed according to this invention. Fig.7, Sheet 5, is a transverse sectional elevation of the same. Fig. 8,Sheet 4, is a side elevation ofa form of die. Fig- 9 is a sectional planof same on line mm, Fig. 6.

In Figs. 1 and 3, o, and a are fast and loose pulleys for transmittingpower through shaft Z) to the main shaft 9 by means of thegearing-wheels c, (I, e, andf. The shaft g, Figs. 1, 2, and 3, ismounted upon two strong standards A and A, Figs. 1 and 2, placed a shortdistance apart, an external cam B being situated between them. Above andbelow the cam B are the two rollers C and C, respectively, the upperroller G controlling the lower plunger-head H and the lower roller 0 theupper plunger-head. N. The upper roller 0 is mounted upon a strong barconnected to four vertical rods D D D D, which are free to move in avertical direction between suitable guides in the frames of the machineand 'which are carried downwardly to some distance below the die-box E.The lower ends of the rods D D D D are united by the raising-plate F,its function being to raise up the lower plunger-spindles G G, withtheir I plunger-head H, for the purpose of delivering the molded tilesfrom the die-box E. The raising-plate F has two holes in it to allow theplunger-spindles G G to pass through and is provided with the slidingcatch plate J, (shown in detail in Fig. 4,) which is shifted by contactwith projecting wedge-piece X on the side of the frame across the saidholes in the raising-plate F when it descends, said holes having each anarrow extension or slot J Fig. 4:, engaging under shoulders of spindlesG (formed by reducing thickness of said spindles at lower ends G G) andlifting said spindles as the raising-plate ascends. As soon as theplungers are raisedto the top of theirstroke the sliding catch-plate Jisshifted back by the horizontal lever J, operated by a swivel wedge-pieceW at end of the vertical hinged lever V, Figs. 2 and 4, and theplunger-spindles G Gare thus released, permitting the plunger-head H tofall and come to rest on a bridge-piece K, which is securely and rigidlybolted to the side frames or standards A A. The lower roller 0 iscarried within a hollowed-out block L, supported upon lugs M, Fig. 1, onthe side rods D D D D or otherwise attached to said rods and guided bysuitable vertical guides in the framing or standards A A. The cavity inthe block L is conveniently shaped so as to form a bearing to receivethe roller, and is sufficiently deep to serve as an oilbox. The upperplunget head N is secured to the sliding block L and carries a number ofindividual minor plungers N N, which may be filled with renewable platesor heads. The lower plungerhead If similarly carries a number of minorplungers H ll.

The die-box E, which is of multiplex character, rests on projecting lugsV V on the sides of frames or standards A A and is also bolted or heldto-the said side frames. The main external cam 13 is made of therequisite shape to enable it to perform the necessary series of pressingand lifting operations in one revolution.

The internal side cams R R are keyed on shaft gin the proper positionsrelative to cam B, and in their rotation they give the requisiteforward-autl-backward travel to the dustfeed box T (fed bya feed-chuteT) by means of two rollers U U, carried upon the upper ends ofbell-crank levers O, keyed on axlebar 0 mounted upon the frame, theother ends being connected by link V to the feedbox T. The forwardmotion of the feed-box (about to feed the dies) may be also utilized formoving back the sliding catch-plate J, before mentioned. This iseffected by means of lever W, linked at one end to the feed-box T by alink V Fig. 2, and provided at the other end with a loose cone W, Figs.2 and 4, free to turn slightly, so as to adapt itself to the surface ofthe horizontal lever J, which it strikes in its travel, causing it topush back the catch-plate J, as previously described.

The depth of material delivered into the dies E is regulated by means ofthe screwed shaft G3 and hand-wheel G Figs. 1 and 2, in conjunction witha balance weight which gives useful pressure to the bottom of dust underpressure and lever F F Figs. 1, 2, and 8. If the hand-wheel G is screwedup, the bottom plunger-head H is prevented from falling to its fullextent by reason of the spindles G (which are provided at the end oftheir reduced extension G with rubber buffers) coming in contact withcross-plate F on lever F thus regulating the space in the dies E andbreaking the shock of the fall of bottom plunger-head and spindles.

Figs. 6 and 7 show a hand-press which may be actuated by means ofweighted arms I I, having depending hand-bars 2 2, revolvinga screw 3,passing through a cross head 4, mounted on and connected by standards orrods 5 with the bed-frame 6. In this arrangement the crossbar C and thetop plungerhead N, carrying minor plungers N N, is connected by siderods D D to a raising-plate F, said rods D D passing through holes inbed-frame or table 6. The lower plungerhead H, carrying minor plungers HH, is mounted on a spindle G, having, as already mentioned, a thinnerextension or lower end G, provided with a rubber buffer. The slidecatch-plate. J, provided with a hole, as previously described inreference to the powermachine, is carried on the raising-plate F,through which the spindle G passes to and fro up and down. On thedescent of the top plunger N and raising-plate F, connected together,thebeveled face of a fixed stud 8 passes through hole 9 in raising-plate Fand pushes the catch-plate J forward, so that it engages under theshoulder 10 of spindle G, thereby enabling said spindle and plungersmounted thereon to be raised together and said plungers to enter thedies E and so push up the tiles. On the arrival of the raising-plate ata certain point of its upward travel a beveled stud 11, projecting downfrom the bed-plate, comes in contact with the opposite end of thecatch-plate J and pushes it backward, so allowing the lower plunger-headand spindle to drop with their rubber-covered ends upon the block 12 onbalance-weighted lever-l3, the length of fall being slightly controlledby means of screw and hand wheel 14, regulating the normal position ofthe heads of minor plungers in the dies. The travel of the feedbox iseffected by rack and pinion 14 15, worked by hand-wheel 16.

The multiplex die-boxes, as shown on 6, 7, 8, and 9, may be built up insections consisting of strong end plates 17, wall-plates 18, andspacing-blocks 19, all held together by long threaded bolts 20, fittedwith lockingnuts 21.

Referring now to the method of oiling applicable to a power and handmachine, the walls of the dies are oiled automatically at each ascentand descent of the lower plungerhead H, as follows: The space betweenthe dies E and the fixed plate K, Fig. 1, or bedplate 6, Fig. 6, isinclosed by plates P P P P, so as to form an oil-chamber Z. The minorplungers H H are grooved near the top for holding the lubricant and maybe fitted with padding of absorbent material or brushes H H", &c., whichbecomes saturated with oil when the plungers descend, and so oil thewalls of the dies. A small vessel or tank Z,

supplied with material to be compressed and molded by means of thefeed-box .T, (which is shown as traveling back in the direction shown byarrow, Fig. 2,) and the main shaft 9 being rotated by the motive powerthrough the gear-wheels 0, cl, 6, and fcauses the cam B to revolve inthe direction shown vby arrow, in which rotation it bears upon the lowerroller ('1', which then depresses the sliding block L, so causing'theplunger-head N. and minor plungers N N to enter the dies. E E,'&c., thuscompressing the material. While this pressure is proceeding the upperroller 0 is de-v scending on the opposite surface of the cam B, therebylowering the raising-plate F, which eventually travels below theshoulders of the spindle G of the bottom plunger-head H, so as to enablethe catch-plate J to pass across underneath the spindle or to lockunderneath the same by coming in contact with the Wedgeshaped projectionX on standard A. ,During this period the feed-box T has traveled backand is being refilled 'by'feed-chnte T. The raising-plate F now ascendsby action of cam and roller 0, carrying with it the plungerdownwardmotion is caused by the cam B, af-

ter which the raising-plate F continues its upward motion, and at theend of its travel the sliding catch-plate J is pushed back by thehorizontal lever J, operatedby the cone W, and the plungers are thusreleased and fall until arrested by lever F and pad F ,which break theshock of the fall of bottom plunger and spindles. The slight downwardmovement and subsequent continuation of upward course described causesextra friction of tiles against walls of dies, and consequently polishto the surface of said tiles. The dies are now ready to receive a newcharge of material, and the process is repeated.

I claim 1. In the man ufacture of tiles, quarries and such likearticles, the combination in a press ing-machine of a plurality ofplungers upon a common plunger-head, a plurality of molding-chambersconstituting a multiplex diebox, and a plurality of plungers uponacommon lower plunger-head, the open ends of the molding-chambers beingof the same shape and area as the edges or ends of the tiles or likearticles to be produced, and the said combination operating to press,mold and deliver said articles edgewise or endwisc, so that the pressurewhich is applied upon such comparatively small areas becomes transmittedto the larger areas corresponding to the faces and backs of the articlesresulting ing in amultiplied pressure thereon, the faces of saidarticles moreover not only becoming highly compressed but acquiring asmoothed and polished effect by their friction upon the walls of themolding-chambers, the whole substantially as described.

2. In the manufacture of tiles, quarries and such like articles, thecombination in a pressing-machine of a plurality of plungers upon acommon plunger-head, a plurality of molding-chambers constituting amultiplex diebox, and a plurality of plungers upon a common lowerplunger-head, the open ends of the molding-chambers being of the sameshape and area as the edges or ends of the tiles or like articles to beproduced, and the said combination operating to press, mold and deliversaid articles, edgewise or endwise, so that the pressure which isapplied upon such comparatively small areas becomes transmitted to thelarger areas corresponding to the faces and backs of the articles,resultingin a multiplied pressure thereon together with means formechanically lubricating the interiors of said molding-chambers for thepurpose of imparting a bright smooth finish to the faces of the articlesaided by their friction upon the walls of the molding-chambers, thewhole substantially as described.

3. In the manufacture of tiles, quarries and such like articles thecombination in a pressing-machine of a die-box, an upper plunger, alower plunger, and a chamber or inclosed space into and within whichsaid lower plunger is adapted to descend in its downward course, saidchamber containing lubricating substance, at small quantity of whichupon the ascent of said lower plungerbecomes carried upward upon thehead or upper part of the same and so distributed over the inner wallsof the die-box, together with feeding, pressing,and deliveringmechanism,the Whole substantially as described.

4:. In the manufacture of tiles, quarries, and such like articles thecombination in a pressing-machine of aplurality of plunger-s carriedupon an upper common plunger-head, a multiplex die-box, a plurality ofplungers mounted upon a lower common plunger-head, and a chamber orinclosed space into and within which said lower plungers are adapted todescend in their downward course, said chamber containing lubricatingsubstance a small quantity of which upon the ascent of said lowerplungers becomes carried upward upon the heads or upper parts of thesame and so distributed over the inner walls of the said multiplex die-boX, together with feeding, pressing and delivering mechanism, thewhole substantially as described.

- In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand in the presence of twowitnesses.

REGINALD STANLEY.

Witnesses:

THOS. DAVIS, SYDNEY E. HARRIS.

